Creatine Pure

Discussion

• Supports Muscle Performance*

• Supports Brain Function*

• Supports Cellular Energy Production*

• Supports Lean Muscle Mass*

Clinical Applications

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.

This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Creatine PURE plays a vital role in the energy production process in muscle cells, making it the perfect supplement

to fuel muscle health. Whether you are a trained athlete or simply want to help maintain lean muscle mass during

the natural aging process, creatine supports muscle performance when combined with exercise. Creatine may

also support cognitive function, helping to keep both brain and brawn at peak performance.*

Creatine PURE features pure creatine monohydrate, an extensively studied supplemental form of creatine.

This compound has a well-established vital role in cellular energy production, helping to fuel muscle health in

people of all ages and athletic abilities.1 Creatine stores phosphate groups as phosphocreatine, which then

donates the phosphate groups to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to regenerate it to adenosine triphosphate

(ATP), the primary cellular energy source. Approximately half of the creatine needed by the body is produced

endogenously from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine. Creatine can also be obtained through

dietary sources, primarily meat and fish. Individuals who consume a predominantly plant-based diet have been

suggested to have lower creatine accumulation and a greater response to creatine supplementation.*2,3

Although 95% of creatine is stored in muscles, it is also found in heart, brain, kidney, retinal, and testicular tissues.

Creatine levels can be impacted by diet, physical activity, and a natural decline that occurs with aging. The body

metabolizes 1% to 2% of stored creatine daily into the waste product creatinine, which is excreted in the urine.2,4

The primary benefit of creatine supplementation is to replenish cellular energy by raising phosphocreatine to

accelerate the recycling of ADP to ATP, which is how it helps support muscle performance.5 However, other

tissues that store creatine may also benefit from enhanced cellular energy production. Individual responses to

creatine supplementation can vary based on diet, body composition, and intensity of physical activity.*2,6

Creatine Supplementation Approaches

Creatine loading refers to a supplementation strategy used to increase creatine stores in skeletal muscle

and involves supplementing with an oral dosage of 20 to 25 g/d for 5 to 7 days.2,5 Creatine loading doses

are typically divided into 4 to 5 servings per day, a practice found to help mitigate gastrointestinal distress

associated with doses over 10 g.7 The loading phase is followed by a daily lower maintenance dose of 3 to 5

g.8 A 1996 landmark study comparing creatine loading with an everyday maintenance dose found that creatine

accumulation in muscle was similar when consumed as a dose of 3 g for 28 days or as 20 g for 6 days.9 Dosage

recommendations and whether to load for a short period or take a smaller dose for a longer period may depend

on the goal of the individual,8 but it has been established that both loading- and maintenance-dose strategies

can increase creatine stores in skeletal muscle.*3

Muscle Performance

A substantial body of research has established a role for supplemental creatine in fueling muscles and exercise

performance in individuals from across diverse populations and with varying levels of physical activity. Creatine

supports muscle performance by boosting ATP production to help muscles contract when anaerobic activity is

initiated and helping to maintain a continuous energy supply to the muscle cells when exercising.*2,5

Athletes

In a randomized trial in football players (N = 16) designed to assess the long-term effects of creatine on strength

and power indices during resistance training, subjects were given 5 g of creatine once daily for 10 weeks. The

results showed significant increases in muscle performance, strength, and lean body mass, establishing the

benefit of low-dose creatine on muscle performance without a loading phase.*10

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Creatine PURE

Creatine PURE

All DOCTOR RHONDA Formulas Meet or Exceed cGMP Quality StandardsYoung Adult Men

In a study of healthy men (N = 58) aged 21 ± 2 years who regularly engaged in varying levels of recreational

exercise, it was found that 5 g of creatine once daily for 30 days, in combination with resistance training, led to a

significant improvement in body mass, mean power, and leg and bench press strength. These results indicate a

benefit to muscle performance post-creatine supplementation.*11

Older Women

In a study assessing the effect of creatine combined with resistance training on strength, performance, and body

composition in older women (N = 18), subjects were given 5 g of creatine or placebo once daily for 12 weeks.

Results indicated an improvement in muscle performance and lean muscle mass in older women when creatine

was combined with resistance training.*12

Older Adults

In a pilot study in healthy male and female adults (N = 26) over age 60, researchers sought to establish the

effect of strength training when combined with 5 g/d of creatine for 16 weeks. Using a hand dynamometer to

measure strength and a questionnaire designed to assess cognitive performance, it was determined that creatine

supplementation results in improvements in both strength and cognitive function.*13

Cognitive Function

The functional role of creatine in cellular energy metabolism, combined with its well-established role in muscle

performance, has led to additional studies evaluating its potential to boost brain performance.*14,15

In a placebo-controlled trial in young vegetarian adults (N = 45), the effect of creatine on intelligence test scores

and working memory performance was assessed. Subjects were given 5 g/d of creatine for 6 weeks, which

significantly affected working memory and intelligence tasks. These results suggested a beneficial effect of

creatine on mental performance.14 In a larger study (N = 148) that replicated the same design and treatment but

included a larger range of cognitive function assessments, creatine was found to have a small beneficial effect.

Although the authors did not come to strong conclusions, they suggested that the role of creatine on cognitive

performance should be further investigated, given that a small effect could have larger benefits when scaled over

time to a larger population group.*15

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the effect of short-term creatine supplementation on cognitive

performance was assessed in healthy young adults (N = 24). It was found that cognitive decline associated with

mental fatigue, as measured by a standardized calculation test, was reduced with creatine supplementation of 8

g/d for 5 days.*16

Studies have suggested that creatine supplementation may promote cognitive function in the aging population.17,18

A meta-analysis of data from 8 randomized trials in older adults aged 66 to 76 found that creatine supplementation

enhanced measures of memory performance regardless of dose, duration of intervention, sex, or geographical

location.17 Another meta-analysis of 16 randomized trials with subjects ranging in age from 20 to 76 indicated

that creatine may confer beneficial cognitive effects, particularly in the domains of memory, attention time, and

processing speed. However, the authors suggested further research to elucidate dose, intervention duration, and

precise mechanisms of action.*18

Overall, a link between creatine and cognitive function has been noted in the research; however, additional and

more robust trials are needed to further validate the impact of creatine supplementation on enhanced cognitive

function.*

Lean Muscle Mass

In addition to muscle performance and cognitive function, studies have also explored a role for supplemental

creatine in promoting lean muscle mass. In the aging population, creatine has been demonstrated to improve the

quality of life by increasing muscle strength and resistance to fatigue. It has also been demonstrated to increase

lean body mass in both younger and older adults when combined with resistance training.*19,20

In a 12-week, parallel-group, double-blind trial, subjects (N = 32) aged 60 to 80 were given 5 g/d of creatine or

placebo after resistance training sessions. Participants were assessed for lean mass and strength using dual-

energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and 10-repetition maximal tests. Results indicated a significant gain in lean

muscle mass when creatine supplementation was combined with resistance training.*21

In a meta-analysis of 19 studies in adults over age 50 (N = 609), the combined effect of creatine supplementation

and resistance training was compared with resistance training alone. Results suggested that creatine combined

with resistance training has the potential to contribute to a greater reduction in body fat percentage.*22

A meta-analysis of data from randomized clinical trials in generally healthy young, middle-aged, and older adults

suggested that 5 to 20 g of creatine daily for up to 48 weeks, combined with resistance exercise, increased lean

body mass regardless of age. Neither statistical nor clinical significance in lean body mass was documented for

creatine supplementation without exercise.*19

This formulation is designed to provide a daily maintenance dose of creatine to fuel and replenish cellular energy

production in tissues where creatine is stored. Widely used by both athletes and individuals concerned about

age-related lean muscle loss, creatine supports muscle performance and may also support cognitive function.*Serving Size: 1 Scoop (about 5 g)

Servings Per Container: About 90

** Daily Value not established.

Supplement Facts

Amount Per Serving %Daily Value

5 g

Creatine monohydrate **

Other Ingredients: None.

Creatine PURE 90 Servings

REV. 12/08/25

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.

This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

DRS-369

Directions

Dissolve 1 level scoop in 8 oz of water or other beverage and

consume once daily, or use as directed by your healthcare

professional. Can be used 30 minutes before exercise or

immediately following exercise.

Consult your healthcare professional prior to use. Individuals

taking medication should discuss potential interactions with their

healthcare professional. Do not use if tamper seal is damaged.

References

Formulated To Exclude

Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, animal and dairy products, fish, shellfish, peanuts, tree nuts, egg, sesame, ingredients derived from genetically

modified organisms (GMOs), artificial colors, and artificial sweeteners.

1. Dietary Supplements for Exercise and Athletic Performance Fact Sheet. Updated April 1, 2024. Accessed February 19, 2025. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/ExerciseAndAthleticPerformance-HealthProfessional/

2. Kreider RB, Stout JR. Nutrients. 2021;13(2):447. doi:10.3390/nu13020447

3. Antonio J, Brown AF, Candow DG, et al. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2025;22(1):2441760. doi:10.1080/15502783.2024.2441760

4. Smith RN, Agharkar AS, Gonzales EB. F1000Res. 2014;3:222. doi:10.12688/f1000research.5218.1

5. Wax B, Kerksick CM, Jagim AR, et al. Nutrients. 2021;13(6):1915. doi:10.3390/nu13061915

6. Bonilla DA, Kreider RB, Stout JR, et al. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1238. doi:10.3390/nu13041238

7. Ostojic SM, Ahmetovic Z. Res Sports Med. 2008;16(1):15-22. doi:10.1080/15438620701693280

8. Antonio J, Candow DG, Forbes SC, et al. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021;18(1):13. doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00412-w

9. Hultman E, Söderlund K, Timmons JA, et al. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996;81(1):232-237. doi:10.1152/jappl.1996.81.1.232

10. Pearson DR, Russel DG, Harris T. J Strength Cond Res. 1999;13(3):187-192.

11. Herda TJ, Beck TW, Ryan ED, et al. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23(3):818-826. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a2ed11

12. Aguiar AF, Januário RS, Junior RP, et al. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013;113(4):987-996. doi:10.1007/s00421-012-2514-6

13. Smolarek AC, McAnulty SR, Ferreira LH, et al. JEPonline. 2020;23(4):88-94.

14. Rae C, Digney AL, McEwan SR, et al. Proc Biol Sci. 2003;270(1529):2147-50. doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2492

15. Sandkühler JF, Kersting X, Faust A, et al. BMC Med. 2023;21(1):440. doi:10.1186/s12916-023-03146-5

16. Watanabe A, Kato N, Kato T. Neurosci Res. 2002;42(4):279-285. doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(02)00007-x

17. Prokopidis K, Giannos P, Triantafyllidis KK, et al. Nutr Rev. 2023;81(4):416-427. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuac064

18. Xu C, Bi S, Zhang W, et al. Front Nutr. 2024;11:1424972. doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1424972

19. Delpino FM, Figueiredo LM, Forbes SC, et al. Nutrition. 2022;103-104:111791. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2022.111791

20.Pashayee-Khamene F, Heidari Z, Asbaghi O, et al. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2024;21(1):2380058. doi:10.1080/15502783.2024.2380058

21. Pinto CL, Botelho PB, Carneiro JA, et al. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2016;7(4):413-421. doi:10.1002/jcsm.12094

22. Forbes SC, Candow DG, Krentz JR, et al. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2019;4(3):62. doi:10.3390/jfmk4030062